question_answer

Discuss the issues faced by 'migrating labourers'.

Or

Explain the major forms of job recruitment in India.

 

Answer:

The labourers migrate from their native place in search of livelihood. The breaking of patronage bond between landowner and labourer, and seasonal agricultural production are some reasons for migration of the labours. The main migrations are from drought prone areas to the ones which offer better job opportunities. The other reasons for migrations are the rising inequalities in rural areas, which force them to indulge in multiple employments. They lack roots and are often termed as ?footloose labour? but they lack independence. Such labourers migrate to farms of Punjab or Haryana, or brick Kilns of UP or construction sites in Delhi.

The chief issues faced by migrating labours are they fail to acquire the labours right and get minimum wages. There is no job security as they are employed only when the local labourers are not available. The other reason for employing them is that they can be exploited very easily and can be employed at low wage than the native labourers. Moreover they face poor working and living conditions. Moreover, they have to spend a lot of time in searching for a job outside their native place. This is often followed by feminisation of agriculture for meeting the both ends meet.

Or

Job recruitment takes different forms in India. Very few jobs are acquired through advertisements. Some people like plumber, electrician, and carpenter are self-employed. Among the educated section, tutors, writers and architects are self-employed. Mobile phones play a dominant role in acquiring work for them. There is a lot of flexibility in their working hours.

A few workers are employed as a permanent worker and get proper compensation, status and position for their work. Usually in factories the workers are employed through a contractor. Such workers are employed only when the regular worker is not available, and the labourers fail to get proper salary, status and security. They are known as contract workers.

Sometimes in construction sites and in brickyards the labours are hired as casual worker. They get some advance money from the contractor which is treated as advance wage and the wages are not paid until the loan is repaid.

Now-a-days due to spread of internet, there is a trend of working from home. It gives a lot of flexibility to the workers in terms of working hours, as the candidate can work as per his/her convenience.