question_answer

How had the female figures becomes an allegory of the nation during nineteenth century in Europe? Analyse.

Or

How did nationalism emerge in Vietnam through the efforts of different sections of society to fight against the French? Analyse.

Answer:

Nationalism required personalizing a nation. Countries were often portrayed as female to give shape to an abstract idea. Often cultural icons such as trees or aspirational values such as liberty and justice needed icons and preferably female figures to get the message across. The female figure became an allegory of the nation.

For example, under French Revolution, justice is generally a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales. Later, in France Marianne emerged as the representation of France. Her features were also drawn from the symbol of liberty and there public. She wore a red cap with the tricolor cockade.

Or

Nationalism in Vietnam was the result of the efforts of different sections of society:

(i) Many religious movements began in Vietnam, to show their hostility to the presence of French, and to Christianity. For example, scholars movement of 1868.

(ii) The role of Phan Boi Chau, who formed the revolutionary society to resist French domination, and who sought the support of the monarchy and the court to drive the French out.

(iii) The role of Phan Chi Trinh who resisted the French presence but was not completely against the western ideas.

(iv) The Go East movement of the early 20th century, which aimed to reestablish the Nguyen dynasty by seeking Japanese and the Chinese help.

(v) Students and teachers actively resisted French presence and domination in schools.

(vi) The role of the rat catchers cannot also be undermined. The rat menace revealed the limits of the colonial power.