question_answer

Trace the evolution of the United Nations since its establishment in 1945. How does it function with the help of its various structures and agencies?

Or

What is meant by global poverty? Suggest any two ways to reduce disparity between the poor and the rich at the global level.

Answer:

The Un was founded as a successor to the successor to the League of Nations. It was established in 1945 immediately after the Second World War. The UN organization was set up by signing of the United Nations Charter by 51 states. The UN?s objective is to prevent international conflict and to facilitate cooperation among the states. It was founded with the hope that it would act to stop the conflicts between states escalating into war and if war broke out, to limit the extent of hostilities.

We sum up the UN as ?The United Nations was not created to take humanity in heaven, but to save it from hell?.

The UN functions through its various arms:

(i) Economic and Social Council: Looks into the economic and social welfare of member countries.

(ii) International Court of Justice: Resolves disputes between and among member countries.

(iii) International Atomic Energy Agency: Safety and Peaceful use of nuclear technology.

(iv) Security Council: Reservation of international peace and security.

(v) UN High Commission for Refugees: Provides shelter and medical help during emergencies.

(vi) World Trade Organisation - facilitates free trade among member countries.

(vii) International Monetary Fund: Overseas and Global financial system.

(viii) General Assembly: Debates and discusses global issues.

(ix) World Health Organisation: Providing good health for all.

(x) Secretariat: Administration and Co-ordination of UN affairs.

Or

Global poverty: it refers to a country to be suffering from low income and less economic growth to be categorised as least developed or developing countries. Negative effects of globilisation are:

(i) It has widened income disparity by making rich ever richer and the poor more poorer.

(ii) Even farmers are supposed to be well educated if they want to use modern methods of cultivation, which poor countries farmers cannot meet due to less education.

(iii) Reducing inequality is, first and foremost, a question of human rights, fairness and social justice. It is also a key to eradicating extreme poverty, fostering sustainability, promoting civil progress, reducing conflict and violence and developing inclusive governance.

(iv) Various evaluations have concluded that in 2015, almost half of the world?s household wealth was owned by 1 % of the global population, and that the sixty-two richest individuals owned as much as the bottom half of humanity.

Ways to reduce the disparity between the poor and rich at the global level:

(i) Economic inequality can give wealthier people an unacceptable degree of control over the lives of others.

If wealth is very unevenly distributed in a society, wealthy people often end up in control of many aspects of the lives of poorer citizens: over where and how they can work, what they can buy, and in general what their lives will be like. As an example, ownership of a public media outlet, such as a newspaper or a television channel, can give control over how others in the society view themselves and their lives, and how they understand their society.

(ii) Workers, as participants in a scheme of cooperation that produces national income, have a claim. 1:0 a fair share of what they have helped to produce.

What constitutes a fair share is of course controversial. According to which inequalities in wealth and income are permissible only if these inequalities could not be reduced without worsening the position of those who are worst/off. If an economy is producing an increasing level of goods and services, then all those who participate m producing these benefits - workers as well as others - should share in the result.

(iii) Improve public schools

There?s no surer ticket out of poverty than a solid education. But that education has to be affordable and it has to be equally distributed.

(iv) Raise the minimum wage

It?s impossible to live on today?s minimum wage, which is substantially lower, when adjusted for inflation, throughout the world, it?s convenient for employers to argue they can?t pay higher wages. Their profits indicate otherwise the industry owners are becoming rich every year. The American dream is to work hard and get ahead. That is not a reality today, even for people who are working full-time.

(v) What can be done to close the ?gap? in social science research into inequalities

The report published by social sciences highlights the need for more cooperation across disciplines, borders and inequality specialisations to help governments to develop more effective polices to create more inclusive societies, everywhere in world.

International networks, open data sources, open access to publishing and software are vital to achieve this.