Answer:
The following were the main reasons for the disintegration of the former Soviet Union. (i) Negation of Political Democracy: After the death of Lenin in 1924, Stalin had succeeded in establishing himself as an absolute dictator. The Parliament of the Soviet Union (Duma) had been reduced to mere rubber stamp giving approval to his decisions. The government exercised strict controls over all means of communication (i.e., radio, newspaper etc.). The dictatorial character of the regime caused public discontentment. (ii) Economic Failure: Because of the emphasis on heavy industries the Soviet Economy failed to meet the expectations of people, especially in terms of food production and the consumer goods. The management and control of agriculture and industry was in the hands or state officials. In order to raise agricultural and industrial production recourse was taken to violence and terror, but food situation went from bad to worse.
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