A) algae
B) fungi
C) lichens
D) bryophytes
Correct Answer: C
Solution :
According to Clarke (1954), ecological succession that begins on a bare area where no life has existed or where the previous flora and fauna have been completely destroyed is known as the primary succession. The species that invade a bare area are called pioneer species. In primary succession on rocks, there are lichens which are able to secrete acids to dissolve rock, helping in weathering and soil formation. These later pave way to some very small plants like bryophytes.
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