A) \[C{{a}^{2+}}\]and\[M{{g}^{2+}}\]
B) \[N{{a}^{+}}\]and \[M{{g}^{2+}}\]
C) \[N{{a}^{+}}\]and \[{{K}^{+}}\]
D) \[N{{a}^{+}}\] and \[C{{a}^{2+}}\]
Correct Answer: D
Solution :
The initiation and execution of muscle contraction occur in the following sequential steps. An action potential travels along a motor nerve to its endings on muscle fibres. At each ending, the nerve secretes a small amount of the neurotransmitter substance acetylcholine. The acetylcholine acts on a local area of the muscle fibre membrane to open multiple acetylcholine-gated channels through protein molecules floating in the membrane. Opening of the acetylcholine-gated channels allows large quantities of sodium ions to diffuse to the interior of the muscle fibre membrane. This initiates an action potential at the membrane. (e) The action potential travels along the muscle fibre membrane in the same way that action potentials travel along nerve fibre membranes. (f) The action potential depolarizes the muscle membrane and much of the action potential electricity flows through the center of the muscle fibre. Here it causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release large quantities of calcium ions that have been stored within this reticulum. (g) The calcium ions initiate attractive forces between the actin and myosin filaments, causing them to slide alongside each other, which is the contractile process. (h) After a fraction of a second, the calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by a \[C{{a}^{2+}}\] membrane pump and they remain stored in the reticulum until a new muscle action potential comes along; this removal of calcium ions from the myofibrils causes the muscle contraction to cease.
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