A) Semiconductor
B) conductor
C) metal
D) insulator
Correct Answer: A
Solution :
A semiconductor is a material whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of an insulator and a conductor. A semiconductor behaves as an insulator at very low temperature and has an appreciable electrical conductivity at room temperature although much lower conductivity than a conductor. A semiconductor can be distinguished from a conductor by the fact that at absolute zero, the upper most filled electron energy band is fully filled in a semiconductor but partially filled in a conductor. A semiconductor has a band gap which is small enough such that its conduction band is appreciably thermally populated with electrons at room temperature while an insulator has a band gap which is too wide for there to be appreciable thermal electrons in its conduction band at room temperature. Materials with a band gap energy of less than about\[\text{3 eV}\] are generally considered semiconductors while those with a greater band gap energy are considered insulators.
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