question_answer

  Describe any three events that were responsible for the Revolution of 1905. Mention two important effects of the revolution. Or In what ways did the Nazi state seek to establish total control over its people?

Answer:

  The three events responsible for the Revolution of 1905 were (i) Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 brought all the simmering discontent of the Russian people to the forefront. High prices, scarcity of essential commodities and the national humiliation due to defeat in the war against Japan added to the already existing adverse conditions.                                                (1) (ii) On a Sunday in 1905, strikes took place all over the country and student walk-outs forced universities to close down. Professionals and middle class workers demand for a Constituent Assembly led to the creation of the Duma. A new form of organization called 'Soviets' developed. All these were the outcome of the incident of 'bloody Sunday'.                                                                                                                                                               (1) (iii) The incident provoked disturbances in practically every part of the country and among every social class. Sections of the army and navy revolted and sympathized with the revolutionaries.                                          (1) Two important effects of the revolution were (i) In this revolution, a new form of organization called the 'Soviets' developed. These 'Soviets' which began as committees to conduct strikes, later became the instruments of political power.                               (1) (ii) The Tsar yielded to political pressure and introduced the October manifesto which granted freedom of speech, press and association and conferred the power to make laws upon an elected body, called the 'Duma.'                                                                                                                                                                                                 (1) Or After becoming the Chancellor of Germany (1933), Hitler captured all powers. In the following ways the Nazi state seek to establish total control over its people (i) All political parties and trade unions were banned except the Nazi Party and its affiliates. (ii) The state established total control over the economy, media, army and judiciary. (iii) Germany became almost a police state. Special surveillance, security forces, secret state police (Gestapo) were created to control the society. (iv) The Nazi rule glorified war and chose the path of war as a way out of the economic crisis. (v) The Nazi rule targeted the Jews as the cause of all miseries and undertook genocidal war against the Jews. (vi) Hitler introduced a massive programme of militarization to enhance the military power of Germany and to restore her international honour and glory.