Answer:
The revolutionary ideas of philosophers
encouraged people to fight for their rights.
(i) Voltaire believed that man's
destiny was in his own hands.
(ii) John Locke criticized the
divine and absolute rights of the rulers.
(iii)
Rousseau put forward the idea of formation of a government based on a social
contract between people and their representatives. Men had the right to change
their government, if they were not satisfied with it.
(iv)
Montesquieu believed that all powers should not be concentrated in one person's
hand. They should be divided between the Legislature, the Executive and the
Judiciary.
The ideas of these philosophers were
discussed by common people in salons and coffee houses and inspired them to
fight for their rights. (5)
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