question_answer

What is genetic engineering? List the processes involved in rDNA technology.

Answer:

Genetic engineering: It is manipulation of genetic materials which can be added or deleted through their bases or parts of DNA to introduce these into host organisms and thereby changing the phenotype of the host organisms.

Steps:

(a) Isolation of genetic material, i.e., DNA.

(b) Fragmentation of DNA by restriction endonuclease.

(c) Isolation of DNA fragments.

(d) Amplification of the gene of interest using PCR.

(e) Ligation of the DNA fragment into a vector using DNA ligase.

(f) Transfer ofrecombinant DNA into host organisms.

(g) Culturing the host cell on a suitable medium on a large scale.

(h) Extraction of the desired products.

(i) Downstream processing of the products as finished products which are ready for marketing.