Answer:
The following are the features that are required to facilitate cloning into a vector.
(a) Origin of replication (Ori):
The sequence where replication starts: A DNA sequence, that is responsible for initiating replication. Any piece of DNA, when linked to this sequence can replicate within host cells. Ori also controls the copy numbers of the linked DNA.
(b) Selectable markers: These help in identifying and eliminating non-trans formants and allow the growth of trans formants.
Transformation is the process by which a piece of DNA is introduced in a host bacterium.
Example: Genes which are encoding resistance to antibodies such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline or kanamycin etc. are used as useful selectable markers for E.coli.
(c) Cloning sites: When linking to the alien DNA, the vector should have very few recognition sites, on which restriction enzyme can easily act. If more recognition sites are present on the vector, then it will generate several fragments which will complicate the gene cloning. The ligation of alien DNA is carreid out at a restriction site present in one of the two antibiotic resistance genes.
For Example, you can ligate a foreign DNA at the BamH I site of tetracyline resistance gene in the vector pBR322.
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