| (i) What is cloning vector? |
| (ii) Explain any two methods of vectorless gene transfer. |
Answer:
(i) Cloning vectors are carriers or vehicles of desired DNA fragments which can replicate independently to increase copies of desired genes in the host cell, e.g., plasmids, bacteriophages.
(ii) The two methods of vectorless gene transfer are:
(a) Micro-injection: The technique of introducing foreign gene in a target cell by injecting the DNA directly into the nucleus by micro-needle is called micro-injection.
(b) Electroporation: The process in which transient holes are produced in the plasma membrane of the target cell to incorporate foreign DNA.
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