question_answer

If in a crop field, you encounter infected potato plants, which method would you suggest to obtain virus free potato from them? Also explain the method.

Or

(i) People prefer packaged fruit juices over the home - made ones. Explain giving reason.

(ii) How do lactic acid bacteria improve the nutritional quality of curd?

Answer:

Healthy potato plants can be obtained from the viral infected parent plants by meristem culture. It is one of the application of tissue culture technique.

The apical and axillary meristems of the plants remain free of viral infections. These are removed and grown in vitro in artificial culture medium. This medium supplies all the necessary nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, vitamins, salts, growth regulators, etc. Explants are cultured in the nutrient medium and are allowed to grow in artificial controlled conditions. After few days plantlets are obtained which are shifted to the field after acclimatisation. The plants developing will be healthy and free of viral infections.

Or

(i) People prefer bottle juices over home-made ones because the former are clearer in appearance because they are clarified by the use of pectinases and proteases.

(ii) Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) grow in milk and convert it into curd. They improve the nutritional quality of curd by increasing vitamin-\[{{B}_{12}}\] content.