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Which of the following statements is correct with regard to the biotic succession on bare rock?

A)  The pioneer lichens are usually crustose lichens e.g., Dermatocarpon, Parmelia, which are followed by foliose lichens e.g., Graphis, Rhizocarpon.

B)  Foliose lichens make the conditions favourable for the growth of mosses (bryophytes).

C)  Moss stage is followed by perennial grasses e.g., Gymbopogon, which are then replaced by annual grasses e.g., Poa.

D)  All of these.