Answer:
(a) After the Russian revolution the estates of the landlords, church and nobility were confiscated and distributed among the peasants. Most of the land-holdings created were small and productively viable. (b) Consequently the government started its own farms and also introduced collective farms, worked by the peasants with government owned machinery and animals. The income was divided according to their work and capacity. (c) By 1937, almost all the cultivable land was brought under collective farms. Initially the peasants were free to decide whether they wanted to join the collective farms or not. Later it become compulsory for them. (d) Thousands of wealthy peasants were executed when they attempted to withhold their land from collectivization. Many others were imprisoned or exiled.
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