Answer:
The factors for the distribution of population in India are: (a) Rugged and mountainous terrain: States like J & K, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Uttrakhand have high mountains, rugged terrain, lack of means of transportation. Thus, population is sparse. (b) Harsh climatic conditions: Very hot regions like Rajasthan or cold snow-covered areas like J & K have unfavourable and harsh climate. Livelihood activities like agriculture or animal rearing cannot be done throughout the year. Thus, such areas have sparse population. (c) Plain terrain, rich fertile soil, abundant rainfall and moderate climate: The northern plains, Kerala, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh are the most populous states. Due to fertile soil, plain terrain, abundant rainfall, agriculture and animal rearing can be done throughout the year. Plain terrain allows better means of transportation through roads, railways and waterways.
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