Answer:
Upanishads are philosophical texts. According to them. Brahman is the universal spirit and atman is the individual soul. Brahma is the supreme God. He has no beginning and no end. He is present as the atman in everyone. They are strongly opposed to rituals and ceremonies. They are centred around the soul and not sacrifice. According to them, the soul goes from one life to the next. The soul's happiness or sorrow depends on the past deeds or karmas. It is the person's karma which determines his future and his next birth.
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