12th Class Physics EM Waves Question Bank MCQs - Electromagnetic Waves

  • question_answer
    A linearly polarized electromagnetic wave given as \[E\,\,=\,\,{{E}_{0}}\]\[i\,\,cos\,\,(kz-\omega t)\] is incident normally on a perfectly reflecting infinite wall at \[z=a\]. Assuming that the material of the wall is optically inactive, the reflected wave will be given as

    A) \[{{\operatorname{E}}_{r}}=-{{E}_{0}}\hat{i}\,cos\ \,(kz-\omega t)\]

    B) \[{{\operatorname{E}}_{r}}={{E}_{0}}\hat{i}\ \,cos\ \,(kz+\omega t)\]

    C) \[{{E}_{r}}=-{{E}_{0}}\hat{i}\ \,cos\ \,(kz+\omega t)\]

    D) \[{{\operatorname{E}}_{r}}={{E}_{0}}\hat{i}\ \,\sin \ \,(kz+\omega t)\]

    Correct Answer: B

    Solution :

    Option [b] is correct.
    Explanation: The phase of a wave changes by \[{{180}^{\operatorname{o}}}\] or n radian after got reflected from a denser medium. But the type of waves remains identical.
    Therefore, for the reflected wave, we have \[\hat{z}=-\hat{z},\hat{i}\ =-\hat{i}\] and additional phase of \[\pi \] in the incident wave.
    Incident electromagnetic wave. Then,
    \[E={{E}_{0}}(-\hat{i})\ cos\ (kz+\omega t)\]
    Therefore/the reflected electromagnetic wave is given as:
    \[{{E}_{r}}={{E}_{0}}\,(-\hat{i})\ cos\,[k\ (-z)-\omega t+\pi ]\]
                \[[\because \hat{z}\ =-\hat{z}\ and\ \hat{i}=-\hat{i}]\]
    \[=-{{E}_{0}}\hat{i}\cos [\pi -(kz+\omega t)]\]
    \[=-{{E}_{0}}\hat{i}[-\cos \{(kz+\omega t)\}]\]
    \[={{\operatorname{E}}_{0}}\hat{i}\cos (kz+\omega t)\]
     


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