question_answer

Explain four factors controlling the Indian weather conditions.

Answer:

The four factors controlling the Indian weather conditions are:

(a) Location: Tropic of Cancer divides India into Sub-tropical and Tropical zones. India is flanked by the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean. These have moderating influence and act as storehouse of moisture. The Himalayas act as a climatic divide. These act as a barrier to the cold chilly winds from the Arctic region.

(b) Pressure and surface winds: Due to unequal heating of land and water in summer, a low pressure trough develops over the interior of land mass. This low pressure trough attracts southeast trade winds. After crossing the equator, the South-east trade winds split into two branches of South-west monsoons and give rain to whole of India from June to mid-September.

(c) Air currents: Jet streams also affect the climate of lndia. These are fast blowing cold air currents in the narrow zone of upper atmosphere. In summer, the Jet streams are responsible for sudden outbreak of monsoons in northern India.

(d) Tropical cyclones and Western Disturbances: During early November, cyclonic depression develops over the Andaman Sea. It travels to the Bay of Bengal and strikes the eastern coast causing heavy destructive rainfall over deltas of Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri. A westerly Jet stream is responsible for bringing the Western Disturbances in winter to north and North-western parts of lndia. Western Disturbances give rainfall to north and north-western regions and snowfall in the Himalayas.