Answer:
(i) The differential heating and cooling of land and water creates low pressure on the landmass of India, while the seas around experience comparatively high pressure. (ii) The shift in the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer over the Ganga plain is a trough of low pressure in the equatorial latitude. This is where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge. (iii) The presence of the high pressure area, east of Madagascar also affect the Indian monsoons. (iv) The Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated during summer, which results in the formation of low pressure area over the plateau. (v) The movement of the westerly jet streams to the north of the Himalaya and the presence of tropical easterly jet streams over the Indian Peninsula during summers, also affects the mechanism of monsoon.
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