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The World Development Report 1990 endorsed a poverty alleviation strategy that combines enhanced economic growth with provisions of essential social services directed towards the poor while creating financial and social safety nets. Numerous social safety net programmes and public spending on social protection, including social insurance schemes and social assistance payments, continue to act as tools of poverty alleviation in many of the developing countries across the world. These social safety nets and protection programmes show positive impacts on the reduction of poverty, extent, vulnerability, and on a wide range of social inequalities in developing countries. One major concern dogging these programmes, however, is their long-term sustainability.

—Singh and Chudasama, PLos ONE

Which of the following programmes provide insurance cover to poor?

 

A) National Social Assistance Programme

B) Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana

C) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

D) Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme