Answer:
The
Tsarist autocracy collapsed in 1917 due to social, economic and political
reasons.
Social Reasons In the First World War the defeat of the Russian army was
shocking and demoralising. There were over 7 million casualties, and 3 million
refugees by 1917. The rest of the population became hostile to the Tsar.
Economic Reasons There were labour shortages due to the
participation of able-bodied men in the war which led to the shutdown of many
small factories. Moreover, large quantities of grain were sent to feed the
army. For the people in cities, bread and flour became expensive and scarce.
This scarcity led to riots at bread shops. People became very dissatisfied with
the policies of the Tsar.
Political Reasons Tsar Nicholas II was an autocratic,
inefficient, weak ruler who believed in the Divine Rights of the king. The bureaucracy
got special rights and privileges, but the general public got none. Moreover
the Tsar had built a vast empire and imposed Russian language and culture on
diverse nationalities. A large section of the Russian empire became hostile to
the Tsar and his corrupt bureaucracy. All these factors led to discredit of the
government and brought about the end of Tsarist autocracy.
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