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  Describe the circumstances which were responsible for the Russian Revolution? Or Explain any five causes leading to the outbreak of Russian Revolution. Or Highlight the social and political conditions   that   led   to   Russian Revolution?               

Answer:

                  The Russian Revolution is the collective term for a series of revolution in Russia in 1917. The Emperor was forced to abdicate and the old regime was replaced by a provisional government during the first revolution of February 1917. In the second revolution, during October, the provisional Government was removed and replaced with a Bolshevik government. The main circumstances which were responsible for the Russian Revolution are (i) Russia's own industries were few in numbers and the industrial workers were exploited extremely. (ii) In Russia 85 per cent of people were agriculturists. The king nobles and church owned large landed properties. Like the industrial workers, peasants also lived in miserable conditions. (iii) Russia had an autocracy. Tsar Nicholas II was a deeply conservative ruler and maintained a strict authoritarian system. He cared little for the general people. He dragged the Russian into the First World War. (iv) Karl Marx's theory communism appealed to the people. He said that workers had to overthrow capitalism and the rule of capitalists by the revolution. (v) The popularity of Bolshevik party increased steadily under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin.   The   Bolsheviks   had   formed committees   and  Soviets  and  created conditions which eventually led to the Russian Revolution.