Answer:
(i) In World War I, Russian defeats were
shocking and demoralising, Russia's army lost badly in Germany and Austria
between 1914 and 1916.
(ii)
As they retreated, the Russian army destroyed crops and buildings to prevent
the enemy from being able to live off the land. The destruction of crops and
buildings led to over 3 million refugees in Russia.
(iii)
The war had a severe impact on industry. Russia's own industries were few in
number and the country was cut off from other suppliers of industrial goods by
German control of the Baltic Sea.
(iv)
Industrial equipment disintegrated more rapidly in Russia than elsewhere in
Europe. By 1916, railway lines began to break down.
(v)
Able-bodied men were called up to the war. As a result, there was labour
shortage and small workshops producing essentials were shut down.
(vi)
Large supplies of grain were sent to fed the army. For the people in the
cities, bread and flour became scarce. By the winter of 1916, riots at bread
shops were common.
(vii)
In the winter of 1917, conditions in the capital, Petrograd, were grim. In
February 1917, food shortages were deeply felt in the workers quarters, leading
to lockouts and about fifty factories called a strike.
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