Answer:
(a)
Landlessness Landless labourers in the villages are generally poor. They
usually belong to the depressed sections of society and earn very low wages.
They are also subject to seasonal unemployment, when they have to do odd jobs
at very low income.
(b) Unemployment If the labour force is idle and unutilised due to
unemployment, the level of income is reduced and the unemployed persons cannot
afford even the essentials of life, leading to poverty.
(c) Size of Families When the number of persons in
a family increases, the income of the family becomes less than what is the minimum
required to provide them the essentials for proper living. This ultimately
leads to poverty.
(d) Illiteracy Due to poverty, the parents are not
able to send their children to school and thus increase their earning power.
Later on, when these children become adults and enter the job market, they are
unable to find well-paying jobs, resulting again in poverty. Thus, illiteracy
and poverty depend on each other.
(e) Poor Health/Malnutrition Poverty causes
malnutrition and poor health, as the poor people cannot afford adequate amounts
of nutritious food or proper medical services. Once they are malnourished or in
poor health, they are not able to work productively and thus they get more
poor.
(f) Child Labour Poverty forces the parents to make
their children work, although there is a law against child labour. This makes the
children drop out from school, resulting in their not getting well-paying jobs
when they grow up.
(g) Helplessness Due to poverty, the poor people
become helpless and are willing to do any work for a low income. This leads them
further into poverty,
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