Answer:
Water
pollution is a great concern of contemporary world. Water pollution in rivers
cause significant danger to human health. Human beings depend on rivers for
many daily activities and neccessities like drinking water.
Apart from this water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these
bodies of water. In almost all cases, the effect is damaging not only to
individual species and population, but also to natural biological communities.
In a nutshell, water pollution in rivers cause a havoc on
ecological balance of the Earth. Over 97 per cent of all the water on Earth is
salty and saline and most of the remaining three per cent is frozen in the
polar icecaps. The atmosphere, rivers, lakes and underground store holds
less than 1 per cent of all freshwater.
This tiny amount has to support fresh water needs of the
Earth's population. Fresh water is a precious resource and the increasing
pollution of our rivers and lakes is a cause for alarm.
1.
Causes of River Pollutions
The Causes of River Pollutions are Untreated Sewage
The discharge of untreated sewage in rivers is the single most important cause
for pollution of rivers.
(ii) Agricultural Wastes If the large amount of fertilisers
or farm waste drain into a river, the concentration of nitrate and phosphate in
water increases considerably. Algae use these substances to grow and multiply
rapidly turning the water green. The massive growth of algae called
eutrophication, leads to pollution. When the algae dies, they are broken down
by the action of bacteria which quickly multiply, using up all the oxygen in
water which lead to the death of many animals.
(iii) Industrial Waste Chemical waste products of industrial
processes are sometimes accidentally discharges into rivers. These substances
may enter the water in such high concentrations that fish and other animals are
killed immediately. Sometimes pollutants enter a food
chain and accumulate until they reach toxic levels eventually killing birds,
fish and mammals.
These chemical causes many diseases to human beings like
Cancer, Diarrhoea, etc.
(iv) Oil Pollution If oil enters a slow-moving
river, it forms a rainbow coloured film over the entire surface preventing
oxygen to enter the water.
This cause death of many water organisms.
(v) Many human activities like throwing domestic and food
wastes or throwing dead bodies in river also causes river pollution.
2.
Ways to Overcome Water Pollution
Ways to overcome water pollution are
(i) Various "action plans" have been started to
clean rivers.
Example the Ganga Action Plan, the Yamuna Action Plan,
etc.
(ii) Emphasis is on going for technologies reducing the wastage
of water and promoting recycling, improvement of water quality, etc.
(iii) Measures are being taken to divert raw sewage of
effluents flown into the river to other locations for treatment and conversion
into energy sources and chemicals.
(iv) The degradable and non-degradable wastes should be disposed
in separate garbage bins for treatment.
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