Answer:
(i)
Normally, when the tropical eastern south pacific ocean experiences high pressure,
the tropical eastern Indian Ocean experiences low pressure.
(ii) But in certain years, there is a reversal in the pressure conditions
and the eastern pacific has low pressure in comparison to the Indian Ocean.
(iii) This periodic change in pressure conditions is known
as Southern Oscillation (SO).
(iv) The difference in pressure over Tahiti, in the
Pacific Ocean and Darwin in northern Australia is computed to predict the
intensity of the monsoon.
(v) A feature connected with the SO is the El Nino, a warm
ocean current that flows past the Peruvian coast, in place of the cold Peruvian
current every 2 to 5 years.
(vi) The changes in pressure conditions are connected to
the El Nino. Hence, the phenomena is referred to as ENSO (El Nino Southern
Oscillations).
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