Answer:
(i)
Latitude: Due to the round shape of the Earth, the amount of solar energy
received varies according to latitude. As a result, air temperature decreases
from the equator towards the poles.
Altitude: As one moves up to the higher altitudes, the atmosphere becomes
less dense and temperature decreases. Therefore, hills are the cooler during
summers.
(iii) Pressure and winds: Pressure and wind system
of an area depend on the latitude and altitude of the place. Thus, it
influences the temperature and rainfall pattern.
(iv) Distance from the sea: If the region is close
to the sea, it makes the temperature moderate but if it is away from the sea,
it experiences extreme weather conditions.
(v) Ocean currents: Ocean currents along with the
onshore winds affect the climate of a coastal area. Any coastal area with warm
or cold currents flowing past it, will become warm or cold if the winds are
onshore.
(vi) Relief: High mountains act as barriers for
cold and hot winds. They may also cause precipitation if they lie in the path
of rain-bearing winds. The leeward side of mountains remains dry, whereas the windward
side is able to receive rain.
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