Answer:
The
climate of India is described as the monsoon type
(i) The factors affecting the
climate of an area are latitude, altitude, pressure and wind system as well as
distance from the sea.
(ii) India lies in the region of North-Easterly winds.
These winds originate from the sub-tropical high pressure
belt in the Northern Hemisphere, get deflected to the right due to the Coriolis
force and move on towards the equatorial low pressure area.
(iii) In summer, a low pressure area develops over interior
Asia and North-Western India. This causes complete reversal of the direction of
the winds.
Air moves from the high pressure area over the Southern
Indian Ocean, crosses the equator and turns right towards the low pressure
areas over the Indian sub-continent. These are known as the South-West monsoon
winds. These winds blow over the warm oceans, gather moisture and bring
widespread rainfall over the mainland of India.
(iv) The upper air circulation in this region is dominated
by a Westerly flow.
(v) The duration of the monsoon is between 100-120 days
from early June to mid-September.
(vi) The Southern Oscillation (SO) and jet streams also
affects the monsoon.
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