Answer:
(a) The three important
preventive measures for pest control are:
(i) Employing crop rotation.
(ii) Use of pest-resistant varieties.
(iii) Employing optimum time of sowing the
crops.
(b) Due to biotic factors, i.e., insects,
rodents, fungi, mites and bacteria and abiotic factors like inappropriate
moisture and temperature in the place of storage, there is degradation in
quality, loss in weight, poor germinability and discolouration of produce, all
leading to poor marketability and hence, loss.
So, preventive and control measures are
used before grains are stored for future use, which include strict cleaning of
the produce before storage, proper drying of the produce first in sunlight and
then in shade, and fumigations by using chemicals that kill pests.
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