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question_answer1) Direction: Q. 1 to 5 Read the following case study and answer the given questions. During the colonial rule, there was neither growth nor equity in the agricultural sector. The policy makers of independent India had to address these issues which they did through land reforms and promoting the use of 'High Yielding Variety' (HYV) seeds which ushered in a revolution in Indian agriculture. The stagnation in agriculture during the colonial rule was permanently broken by the green revolution. This refers to the large increase in production of food grains resulting from the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds especially for wheat and rice. The use of these seeds required the use of fertiliser and pesticide in the correct quantities as well as regular supply of water. Also, the application of these inputs in correct proportions is vital. The spread of green revolution technology enabled India to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains and we no longer had to be at the mercy of America, or any other nation, for meeting our nation's food requirements. Thus, land reform measures along with green revolution promoted equity in the agricultural sector. Which among the following crops chiefly benefitted as a result of green revolution?
question_answer2) There had been a significant decline in the prices of food grains in comparison to other items of consumption as a result of green revolution. The given statement is
question_answer3) Assertion [A] Green revolution helped India to achieve self-sufficiency in food grain production and permanently broke the agricultural stagnation. Reason [R] Prices of food crops declined as a result of enormous marketed surplus which enabled the government to strengthen their Buffer stocks.
question_answer4) ......... refers to a change in the ownership of land holdings.
question_answer5) What do you mean by marketed surplus?
question_answer6) Direction: Q 6 to 10 Read the following case study and answer the given questions. The performance of Indian economy during the period of first seven five year plans (1950-1990) was satisfactory if not very impressive. On the eve of independence, India was an industrially backward country, but during this period of first seven plans our industries became far more diversified, with the stress being laid on the public investments in the industrial sector. The policy of import substitution led to protection of the domestic industries against the foreign producers but we failed to promote a strong export surplus. Although public sector expanded to a large extent but it could not bring desired level of improvement in the secondary sector. Excessive government regulations prevented the natural trajectory of growth of entrepreneurship as there was no competition, no innovation and no modernisation on the front of the industrial sector. Many Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) incurred huge losses due to operational inefficiencies, red tapism, poor technology and other similar reasons. These PSU's even continued to function because it was difficult to close a government undertaking even if it is a drain on country's limited resources. On the agricultural front, due to the measures taken under the Green Revolution, India more or less became self-sufficient in the production of food grains. So the need for reforms of economic policy was widely felt in the context of changing global economic scenario to achieve desired growth in the country. Which of the following was not a reason for the public sector to play a major role in the initial phase of Indian economic planning?
question_answer7) Inward looking trade policy aimed at . .
question_answer8) Mechanisation of the Indian agriculture was one of the cause of Green Revolution in India. The given statement is
question_answer9) Assertion [A] Many public sector undertakings incurred huge losses due to operational inefficiencies. Reason [R] Red tapism was one of the reasons for continuation of such enterprises.
question_answer10) Select the correct combination between the following columns. Column A Column B A. Tariff (i) Inward looking trade policy B. Quota (ii) Policy governing international trade C. Make in India (iii) Tax on imported goods D. Trade (iv) Quantitative Policy restriction on imports Codes
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