Answer:
(a)
(i) Integrated Steel Plants These are large in size and handle everything under
one roof. From sorting of raw material to manufacturing of steel, everything is
done in a chain in integrated steel plants. At present, there are ten major
integrated steel plants in India.
(ii) Mini Steel Plants These are smaller in size as compare to integrated
steel plants. These usually have an electric arc furnace and use steel scrap
and sponge iron as raw material. At present, there are more than 200 mini steel
plants in India.
(iii) Problem Faced by Industry
·
Poor infrastructure.
·
Low efficiency of the work force.
·
Shortage of the availability of cooking coal.
·
Lack of energy supply.
(iv) Recent Developments In recent years, the
Policy of Liberalisation and FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) have provided boost
to iron and steel industry. Rapid infrastructure development has led to the
growth of demand of iron and steel.
India is now capable of producing steel more
competitively.
(b) Industries pollute the environment by-polluting air
water and land. They also cause environmental pollution by noise pollution.
(i)Land Pollution Land pollution is caused by dumping of
non-biodegradable solid waste from industries in l and full sites.
(ii) Air Pollution Industries cause air pollution by the
emission of gases from industrial complexes and power generation units. Leakage
of poisonous gases and chemicals from chemical industries also leads to air
pollution.
(iii) Water Pollution Water pollution is caused when
industrial effluents both organic and inorganic are discharged into rivers or
other water bodies. Some other common pollutants of the water pollution are
fertilisers, pesticides, dyes, soaps, etc.
(iv) Noise Pollution Undesirable noise pollution
from industries like construction, running of generators to generate power, electrical
drills, etc is responsible for disturbing our environment.
(c) We can minimises environmental degradation by industry
by the following steps
(i)Minimise the use of water for processing by
reusing/recycling it in successive stages.
(ii) Harvesting rainwater to meet water requirements.
(iii) Treating effluents before releasing them in water
bodies. This can be done by mechanical means, biological processes chemical and
physical processes.
(iv) Reduce paniculate matter in the air by' fitting
factory smokestacks with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers
and inertial separators.
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