Answer:
Stability of a
complex in solution means the measure of resistance to the replacement of a
ligand by some other ligand. This stability ran be expressed in terms of
equilibrium constant of the following reaction:
Mn+ + NLm? [MLN]z+
Stability constant,
Factors affecting
the stability of a complex ion:
(i) Factors
affecting the stability of a complex ion :
(1) Nature of the
metal ion:
(a) Greater the
charge and smaller the size of the ion, more is its charges density and greater
will be the stability of the complex i.e., why [Fe(CN)6]?3
is more stable than [Fe(CN)6]?4.
(b) For the same
charged metal ions, stability of the complexes increases as the size decreases
e.g., Cu2+ complexes are more stable than Mn2+ complexes.
(2) Nature of the
ligand.
(a) More the
basicity of ligand, more is its tendency to donate electron pair and therefore
more is the stability of the complex.
(b) For anionic
ligands and complexes are more stable if ligand has greater charge and smaller
size.
(c) Chelating
ligands form more stable complexes.
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