question_answer 11)

Explain the various steps involved in the process of control.

Answer:

Controlling is a systematic process involving following steps (i) Setting Performance Standards The first step in the controlling process is setting up of performance standards. Standards are the criteria against which actual performance would be measured. Standards can be set in both quantitative as well as qualitative terms. Some of the qualitative standards are—cost to be incurred, product units to be produced, time to be spent in performing a task etc Improving goodwill and motivation level of employees are example; of qualitative standards. (ii) Measurement of Actual Performance Once performance standards are set, the next step is measurement of actual performance. Performance should be measured in an objective and reliable manner. Some of the techniques used for measuring the performance are personal observation, sample checking performance reports etc. (iii) Comparing Actual Performance with Standards This step involves comparison of actual performance with the standards. Such comparison will reveal the deviation between actual and desired results. Comparison becomes easier when standards are set in quantitative terms. For instance, performance of a worker in terms of units produced in a week can be easily measured against the standard output for the week. (iv) Analyzing Deviations Some deviations in performance can be expected in all activities. It is therefore, important to determine the acceptable range of deviations. Also, deviations in key areas of business need to be attended more urgently as compared to deviations in certain insignificant areas. Critical point control and management by exception should be used by a manager in this regard. (v) Taking Corrective Action The final step in the controlling process is taking corrective action. No corrective action is required when the deviations are within acceptable limits. However, when the deviation: go beyond the acceptable range, especially in the important areas, it demands immediate managerial attention so that deviations do not occur again and standards are accomplished. In case the deviation cannot be corrected through managerial action, the standards may have to be revised.