Answer:
Common characteristics of alkaline
earth metals;
(i) Same electronic
configuration, [inert gas] \[n{{s}^{2}}\].
(ii) Never
found free in nature but always in combined state.
(iii) Always
show +2 oxidation state.
(iv) With
exception of Be and Mg, impart characteristic colour to flame.
(v) With the
exception of Be compounds, the salts are ionic. They are colourless.
(vi) Metals
and their salts are diamagnetic.
(vii) Strong
affinity for non-metals.
(viii)
Dissolve in liquid ammonia.
(ix) Metals are
obtained by electrolysis of fused salts, usually the fused halides.
Gradation in properties
Increasing trends
Decreasing trends
1. Atomic radii
1. Metallic bonding
2. Ionic radii
2. Electro negativity
3. Electropositive or metallic nature
3. First and second ionisation energies
4. Reactivity
4.\[\Delta H\] hydration energy (Ex- tent of hydration)
5. Ionic conductance
5. Stability of the hydrides
6. Reducing nature
6. Lattice energy of chlorides
7.\[E_{ox}^{{}^\circ
}\](oxid. potential)
7. Solubility of carbonates
8. Basic nature or oxide
8.Solubility of sulphates
9. Affinity for oxygen
10. Basic strength of hydroxides
11. Solubility of hydroxides
12. Ionic nature of halides
13. Stability of carbonates
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