Answer:
a. Annual winter wheat
plants take one year full growing season for the completion of their vegetative
growth period and then initiate flowers and fruits. This is because after they form
seedlings in autumn, they receive low temperature throughout winter, which enables
them to reach vegetative maturity. They resume growth- in spring and bear flowers
and grains towards mid-summer.
b. The chilling or
cold treatment of seeds to reduce flowering is called vernalisation. It is a process
of shortening of the juvenile or vegetative phase and hastening flowering by a previous
cold treatment. This stimulus of vernalisation is perceived only by the meristematic
cells, e.g., shoot tip, embryo tip, root apex, developing leaves, etc.
c. GA or
gibberellic acid treatment can replace cold treatment and can induce flowering early
by reducing vegetative growth period in many long-day plants.
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