Answer:
The activities of the
Gastro-intestinal Tract (GIT) are under neural and hormonal control for proper
coordination amongst different parts. The gastrointestinal tract is innervated
by intrinsic nerves as well as by extrinsic nerves.
The intrinsic neural
system, also called the enteric neural system consists of (i) Meissner's plexus
situated in the submucosa and (ii) Auerbach's plexus situated in the muscular
layer. The enteric neural system controls most of the gastrointestinal
functions like secretion and motility.
The
extrinsic innervation of the gut consists of parasympathetic and sympathetic
nerves which can modify the activity of intrinsic neural system in response to
reflex activity initiated by GIT or from other body parts.
The sight,
smell and the presence of food in the oral cavity can stimulate the secretion
of the saliva through vagus nerve. Gastric and intestinal secretions are also
stimulated by neural signals. The muscular activity of different parts of the
alimentry canal can also be moderated by neural mechanisms, both local and
through CNS.
Hormonal control of
the secretions of digestive juice is carried out by the local hormones produced
by the gastric and intestinal mucosa. These include gastrin (stimulate release
of gastric juice), enterogastrone (inhibits gastric secretion and motility),
secretin (decreases gastric secretion), duodocrinin (stimulate Brunner's gland)
etc.
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