Answer:
Hypothalamus is a very
small but extremely important part of the diencephalon that is involved in the
mediation of endocrine, autonomic and behavioural function.
It contains several
groups of neurosecretory cells called nuclei which produce hormones.
Hypothalamus
provides anatomical connection between the nervous and endocrine system.
It controls
the release of major hormones by the hypophysis which are summarised below
(i) Adrenocorticotrophic
Releasing Hormone (ARH) It stimulates the anterior lobe of pituitary gland to
secrete Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH). ACTH stimulates the synthesis and
secretion of steroid hormones called glucocorticoids by adrenal glands.
(ii)Thyrotropin
Releasing Hormone (TRH) It stimulates the anterior lobe of pituitary gland to
release Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH).
(iii) Growth
Hormone Releasing Hormone It stimulates the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
to release growth hormone or somatostatin.
(iv) Gonadotropin
Releasing Hormone It stimulates the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland to
release gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH).
(v) Prolactin
Releasing Hormone (PRH) It stimulates the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
to secrete prolactin.
(vi) MSH
Releasing Hormone It stimulates the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland to
secrete Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
These hormones
released from hypothalamus are involved in the process like temperature regulation,
control of water balance in body, sexual behaviour and reproduction, control of
daily cycles in physiological state, behaviour and mediation of emotional
responses. Hence, hypothalamus is called as super master endocrine gland of
body,
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