question_answer

Describe the explosive conditions prevailed in Balkans after 1871 in Europe.

Or

Describe the role of different religious groups in the development of anti-colonial feelings in Vietnam.

Answer:

(i) After 1871, explosive conditions prevailed in Balkans area in Europe. The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation comprising modern   day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Crotia, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly known as the slaves.

(ii) In 19th century, the Ottoman Empire had sought to strengthen itself through modernisation and internal reforms but with very little success.

(iii) One by one, its European subject nationalities broke away from its control and declared own independence.

(iv) The Balkan peoples based their claims for independence or political rights on nationality and used history to prove that they had once been independent but had subsequently been subjugated by foreign powers.

(v) Hence the rebellious nationalities in the Balkans thought of their struggle as their attempts to in back their long lost independence which converted the region into a battle ground.

Or

Religion played an important role in the development of anti-colonial feeling:

(i) Vietnamese religious beliefs were a mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism and local practices. When French introduced Christianity here the Vietnamese reacted sharply. It angered them.

(ii) As a result an early anti Christianity movement, scholar revolt broke out in 1868. This was led by the officials at the Imperial Court. This was just because they were angered by the spread of Christianity and French Power.

(iii) The French supressed this revolt but this uprising inspirerd the other patriots to rise up against them. The role of Hoa Hoa movement led by Huynh-Phu-So in 1939 in Mekong delta region is also significant in the development of anti-colonial movement in Vietnam.