question_answer

Analyse the measures and practices introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.

Or

?U.S. entry into the war in Vietnam marked    a new phase that proved costly to Vietnamese as well as to the Americans.? Analyse the statement.

Answer:

The French revolutionaries created a sense of collective identity amongst the French people through the following ideas:

(i) Artists like Frederic Sorrieu who created images that showed the people of Europe and America marching in a procession and paying homage to the statue of liberty which they personified as a female figure.

(ii) The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and i.e., citoyen (the citizen) were emphasised to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.

(iii) A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard.

(iv) Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed as the National Assembly.

(v) New hymns were composed and martyrs commemorated all in the name of the nation.

(vi) A centralized system of administration was introduced and uniform laws were made for the citizens.

(vii) French language was spoken and written and became a common language in Paris.

Or

The entry of U.S. into the war in Vietnam proved costly for both the Vietnamese and the Americans because of the following reasons:

(i) The Vietnamese had to face powerful bombing attacks which destroyed life and property to, terrible extent.

(ii) The Americans used powerful bombs and chemical weapons like the Naplm, Agent Orange, etc., which had widespread effect on the economy and the death toll were very high.

(iii) Americans also lost many of their armies in the war.

(iv) American Government had to face opposition because most of those who were send to fight wars were common and under-privilegded civilians.