question_answer

How did nationalism develop through culture in Europe? Explain.

Or

How did Paul Bernard argue in favour of economic development of Vietnam? Explain.

Answer:

Nationalism developed through culture in Europe as:

(i) Culture played an important role in creating example - the idea of the nation, art and poetry, stories and music helped to express and shape nationalist feeling.

(ii) Romanticism was a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists and poets generally criticized the glorification of reason and science and focussed instead on emotions, intuition and mystical feeling.

(iii) German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people (das volk). It was through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation was popularised.

Or

Paul Bernard?s arguments in favour of economic development of Vietnam:

(i) He argued that the purpose of acquiring colonies was to make profits.

(ii) Economy was developed and the standard of living of the people improved, they would buy more goods.

(iii) The market would consequently expand, leading to the better profits for French business.

(iv) To reduce rural poverty and increase agricultural productivity, it was necessary to carry out land reforms.