Answer:
Behavioural approach to study personality focuses on learning of stimulus-response connections and their reinforcement. According to behaviourists, personality can be best understand as the response of an individual to the environment. They see the development simply as a change in response characteristics i.e., a person learns new behaviours in response to new environments and stimuli. For most behaviourists, the structural unit of personality is the response. Each response is a behavior, which is emitted to satisfy a need. For example, children do not like eating many vegetables but they gradually learn to eat them. According to the behavioural approach, children may initially learn to eat such vegetables in anticipation of appreciation (reinforcement) from their parents. Later on, they may eventually learn to eat vegetables not only because their parents are pleased with this behavior, but also because they acquire the taste of those vegetables. Thus, the core tendency that organises behaviour is the reduction of biological or social needs that energies behaviour. This is accomplished through responses (behaviours) that are reinforced. The theories of classical conditioning by Pavlov, instrumental conditioning (Skinner) and observational learning by Bandura have been widely used in developing personality theories.
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