question_answer

Explain any six reasons responsible for the dis-integration of the USSR.

Or

Explain any three reasons that led the Cold War to an arms race as well as arms control.

Answer:

Six reasons responsible for the disintegration of USSR:

(1) The people in East European countries which were the part of the Soviet Bloc, started to protest against their own government i.e., United USSR.

(2) Soviet control, unlike in the past, the Soviet Union under Gorbachev, did not intervene when the disturbances started and spread and the communist regime collapsed one after another.

(3) Gorbachev initiated the policies of economic and political reforms and democratisation within the country. The reforms were opposed by leaders within the communist party.

(4) Boris Yeltsin emerged as a rebel and led to his rise in popularity as an anti-establishment figure.

(5) The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election. He was the first President of the Russian Federation, (serving from 1991 to 1999), who began to shake off centralised control.

(6) Power began to shift from the soviet centre to the republics especially in the more Europeanised part of the Soviet Union.

(7) After the disintegration of USSR, a total of 15 new republic came into existence. (any six)

Or

The cold war produced an arms race as well as arms control.

The following were the reasons for both these development:

(1) Cuban Missile crisis engaged both the superpowers in the development of nuclear weapons to intention the world.

(2) US dropped nuclear bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, with the intention to stop Soviet Union from making military and political gains in Asia.

(3) Both the powers were not ready to initiate a war as they knew that destruction and outcomes of this war would not justify any gain for them.

(4) Both superpowers were to be rational and responsible being restraint and avoiding risk of another world war to ensure human survival.

(5) Hence, both the superpowers decided to limit the certain kinds of nuclear and non-nuclear weapons by signing various significant agreements within a decade i.e., Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), Ann Ballistic Missile Treaty, etc. (any three)