question_answer

Analyze India's stand on any three environmental issues.

Or

Assess any three basis on which globalization is being resisted in India.

 

Answer:

India has been criticized for its apparent lack of commitment to addressing global climate change. But- these aims are not mutually exclusive. National measures can and are benefiting India?s development while helping mitigate climate change. The problem is that India hasn?t marketed these initiatives in the right way.

(1) A defensive stance: India?s international negotiating position relies heavily on the principles of historical responsibility, as enshrined in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change   (UNFCCC). This acknowledges that developed countries are responsible for most historical and current greenhouse emissions, and emphasizes that ?economic and social development are the first and overriding priorities of the developing country parties?.

(2) India is taking real action: In fact, the Indian government is already participating in global efforts through a number of programmes. For example, India?s National Auto-fuel Policy mandates cleaner fuels for vehicles. The Energy Conservation Act, passed in 2001, outlines initiatives to improve energy efficiency. Similarly, the Electricity Act of 2003 encourages the use of renewable energy. Recent trends in importing natural gas and encouraging the adoption of clean coal technologies show India is making real efforts.

(3) 14th BASIC Ministerial Meeting on Climate Change: At the recent 14th BASIC (Brazil, South Africa, India and China) Ministerial Meeting on climate change, held in Chennai in February 2013, India?s Minister of State for Environment and Forests, H.E. Mrs. Jayanthi Natarajan, welcomed the decision on operationalization of the 2nd commitment period and the consequent amendments to the Kyoto Protocol as a key element of the Doha Climate Gateway.

Or

(1) The worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration is Globalization. In fact it is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of life. It is not always positive; it can have negative consequences for the people. Indeed, there are many who believe that globalization has more negative consequences than positive. Globalization need not be only about the economic issues, nor is the direction of influence always from the rich to the poor countries.

(2) At the most simple level, globalization results in an erosion of state capacity, that is, the ability of government to do what they do. All over the world, the old ?welfare state? is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs certain core functions such as the maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens. However, it withdraws from many of its earlier welfare functions directed at economic and social well-being. In place of the welfare state, it is the market that becomes the prime determinants of economic and social priorities.

(3) Economic globalization usually involves greater economic flows among different countries of the world. Some of this is voluntary and some forced by international institutions and powerful countries. As we saw in the examples at the beginning of this chapter, this flow or exchange can take various terms; commodities, capital, people and ideas. Globalization has involved greater trade m commodities across the globe.

That is why the concept of globalization is nor accepted worldwide and it is resisted in many countries.