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What do you understand by coordinative ability? Discuss about different types of coordinate abilities.                                                                                                       [5] [OD, 2019 SET - I]

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Write in detail about strength improving method -Isometric, Isotonic and Isokinetic.

 

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Coordination is the ability to integrate separate motor systems with varying sensory modalities into efficient movements. The harmonious working together of the synchrony, rhythm, and sequencing aspect of one's movements is crucial to coordinated movement. Various parts of the body may be involved, such as eye foot coordination, as in kicking a ball or walking upstairs. Eye-hand coordination is evident in fine motor activities such as bead stringing, tracing and clay modelling or in gross motor activities such as catching, striking or volleying a ball. Different Types of Coordinative Ability Following are different types of coordinative abilities: (i) Coupling Ability: Coupling ability to synchronize movements and direction efficiently and to let different parts to cooperate in order to achieve a desired and smooth movement. Coupling ability of the body is considered as capacity of an individual to perform better coordination of different parts of the body. For example, while dribbling a basketball, the coordination of both the limbs is required. (ii) Reaction Ability: Reaction ability is a skill to react quickly to a stimulus. For example, chaser in Kho-Kho runs quickly after Kho is given. (iii) Balance Ability: Balance ability is known as capability of an individual to maintain balance while the body is in motion. Even during distributed balance regaining the lost balance is known as balance ability. (iv) Orientation Ability: The orientation ability is a skill to determine and change the position in complex situations. For example, defending an opponent in football, the position is changed according to the movement of opponent. (v) Adaptation Ability: Adaptation ability is the capability of a person to change the movement on the basis of predicted changes. This ability is achieved after mastering the skills. (vi) Rhythm Ability: Rhythm ability is to make out motor actions on a well- defined rhythm. Rhythm ability enables to grasp and express rhythm which is externally determined or contained in the motor activity itself.

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Isometric: They are exercises in which muscular tension is built without any visible movement of muscle being used. Contraction during such an exercise is called isometric contraction. Work done during isometric exercise is zero. Isometric exercise is practiced by pushing or pulling an immovable object like a wall or bar anchored to the floor. Isometric exercise increases muscle tension significantly but fails to change the length of the muscles. Today, it is primarily used for rehabilitation purposes. Examples: (i) Balancing on one foot. (ii) Pressing against the wall. (iii) Standing with heavy load on head. (iv) Maintaining a sitting posture without a chair. (v) Holding a weight at arm's length. (vi) Attempting to lift an immoveable object. Characteristic of isometric exercise (i) The amount of heat generated and tension developed is higher than that of isotonic. (ii) Increased muscular tension leads to tremor in muscles. (iii) Isotonic: Exercise where we can see movement of an object on application of force is called Isotonic exercise and contraction of the muscle during such an exercise is called isotonic contraction. Isotonic exercises are carried out against a fixed resistance. As each muscle moves through its complete range, isotonic contraction creates tension with maximum effort at the beginning and end of each exercise. Two types of muscular contraction place while performing Isotonic exercise are concentric contraction in which length of the muscle decreases from the normal and eccentric contraction in which length of the muscle increases from the normal size. Examples: Light rhythmic exercise Running downhill Sit-ups and push up Lifting free weighs, like dumbbells and barbells Hammer throw Triple Jump Landing on the ground after a jump (iii) Isokinetic: They are exercises in which speed remains same throughout the range of movement. It can be also called as a combination of isometric and isotonic contraction. Isokinetic exercise uses a machine that controls the speed of contraction within the range of motion. Cybex and Biodex machines provide this kind of workout, but these machine generally used by physical therapist not readily available to most people. Exercise which can be found similar to isokinetic exercise in sports activity are: (i) Ice skating (ii) Chin ups (iii) Rope climbing (iv) While Rowing (v) While Swimming