question_answer

What are the causes of Osteoporosis?                                                  [3] [OD, 2019 SET - I]

OR

Write briefly about the prevention and management of 'Anorexia'.

 

Answer:

Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle, so brittle that a fall or even mild stresses such as bending over or coughing can cause a fracture.

Causes of Osteoporosis are as follows: (i) Women are much more likely to develop osteoporosis than are men. Lowered sex hormone levels tend to weaken bone. The reduction of oestrogen levels in women at menopause is one of the strongest risk factors for developing osteoporosis.

(ii) The old age people are at greater risk of osteoporosis.

(iii) Having a parent or sibling with osteoporosis puts greater risk to have osteoporosis

(iv) Low calcium intake contributes to diminished bone density, early bone loss and an increased risk of fractures.

(v) Severely restricting food intake and being underweight weakens bone in both men and women.

(vi) Long-term use of oral or injected corticosteroid medications, such as prednisone and cortisone, interferes with the bone-rebuilding process.

OR

Prevention of Anorexia Prevention is a term that can refer to either the elimination of factors causing eating disorders:

(i) Teach children not to be pre-occupied with their weight. It means placing less emphasis on appearance and more on personality and individuality.

(ii) Teachers and school counsellors should educate about the causes and perpetuating factors of eating disorders.

(iii) Teachers should also educate students about accepting a wide range of weights and the dangers of dieting.

(iv) School students can be engaged in discussions about social pressures on women to be thin, pressure to achieve, as well as prejudice against fat.

(v) Teachers can initiate discussions focusing on ways of achieving a sense of self-worth and role-play exercises to develop assertiveness skills.

(vi) Teachers identifying students with low esteem or family problems should ret mend counselling for those students.

Management of Anorexia (i) The treatment options should be discussed fully with the patient in order that he or can make informed choices.

(ii) Health care professionals involved in the treatment of anorexia nervosa should time to build an empathic, supportive collaborative relationship with patients.

(iii) Motivation to change may go up and down over the course of treatment and the therapist needs to remain sensitive to this.