A) cadmium
B) lead
C) mercury
D) copper
Correct Answer: B
Solution :
Automobiles burn petroleum inefficiently causing 80% of air pollution and 75% of noise pollution. Automobile exhausts consist of hydrocarbon (13.7%), carbon monoxide (77.2%), nitrogen oxides (7.7%), sulphur oxides, ammonia, aldehydes and lead (90% of total lead poisoning). Lead is present in the form of \[\text{Pb(C}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{4}}}\]and \[\text{Pb(}{{\text{C}}_{2}}{{\text{H}}_{5}}{{\text{)}}_{\text{4}}}\] as anti-knock agent in automobiles exhaust. It interfers with oxygen and glucose metabolism, haeme synthesis and damages the vital organs of body. Cadmium is an industrial effluent, causing water pollution. Cadmium pollution leads to anaemia, hypertension, testicylar atrophy, liver and kidney damage, cancer of liver. The painful skeletal deformity called, itai-itai first reported in 1947 in Toyoma city of Japan due to cadmium poisoning. Mercury, an industrial effluent undergo biomagnification by changing into water soluble dimethyl mercury. Deformity known as Minimata disease was first reported in 1952 due to eating of fish captured from Hg-contaminated Minimata Bay of Japan. Copper released from industries causes uremia, hypertension, fever etc.
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