A) polyploidy
B) autosomal aneuploidy
C) sex-chromosome aneuploidy
D) trisomy
Correct Answer: C
Solution :
Turners syndrome (44 + XO) is a monosomic sex chromosome abnormality i.e., an aneuploid in which chromosome is deficient of its homologue causing genetic inbalance. It arises due to the union of X deficient gamete \[(n-1)\] and a normal gamete resulting in sterile female with limited secondary characters, short stature, webbed neck etc. Downs syndrome is due to trisomy of 21st chromosome. It is an autosomal aneuploidy abnormality characterised by rounded face, broad forehead, open mouth, mental retardation etc. Trisomy is an aneuploid or heteroploid which has one chromosome represented in triplicate \[(2n+1).\] It is formed by union of normal gamete \[(n)\]with a gamete having an extra chromosome \[(n+1)\] e.g.. Downs syndrome (trisomy of chromosome 21), Klinefelters syndrome (due to additional X-chromosome in otherwise male individual, XXY). Polyploidy is the phenomenon of having more than two genomes or sets of chromosomes. It is common in plants.
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