Answer:
The
causes of water scarcity are
(i)
Rapidly Growing Population The water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing
population and consequent greater demands for water and unequal access to it.
This
population needs water for everyday domestic use.
(ii)
Rising Demand for Foodgrains To facilitate higher food production, water resources
are being exploited to expand irrigated areas and dry season agriculture.
(iii)
Most farmers especially in the Northern plains have their own wells and
tubewells in their farms for Irrigation. To increase production they over
exploit the ground water. leading to declining water table.
(iv)
Industrialisation The ever increasing number of industries has made matters worse
by exerting pressure on existing fresh water resources, because they are heavy users
of water.
(v)
Urban Life Style Multiplying urban centres with large and dense population and urban
life styles have not only added to the water and energy requirements but have further
aggravated the problem. Many housing societies or colonies have their own ground
water pumping devices, over exploitation has caused depletion in several cities.
(vi)
Pollution A lot of water is polluted by domestic and industrial wastes,
chemicals, etc making it hazardous and unfit for human use, thus contributing
to water scarcity. (5)
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