A) When the branch of the circuit containing battery is open, then potential difference across the terminals of battery is same as emf
B) When two terminals of a battery are shorted then potential difference across the terminals of battery is zero
C) If external resistance of the circuit changes then potential difference across the terminals of the battery changes but emf remains same
D) All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Solution :
In the option [a] the circuit is open, as a result no current flows through it, so the potential difference across internal resistor is zero and hence, terminal potential difference is same as emf of battery. For option [b], the terminal potential difference gets zero as battery is shorted although emf remains same. In option [c] discharging of battery takes place, current has been withdrawn from battery, whose value is depending on value of resistance, which in turn changes the value of terminal potential difference but emf remains same.
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